Running should not cause back pain. That is the frustrating part. You are active, you stretch, you are in better shape than most. But there is that persistent lower back ache that arrives on mile 8 and stays for two days. The hip that grumbles. The sciatic twinge that makes the stairs difficult the morning after a long run.
For active people, pain carries an extra layer: identity. The concern that you are going to have to cut mileage. That this is the body saying enough. That you are becoming someone who cannot run.
Most of the time it is not that. It is nerve and muscle irritation — the lower back working hard to stabilise during repetitive impact, the hip flexors shortening, the piriformis compressing the sciatic nerve. Not structural damage in most cases. Manageable pain with the right tool.
TENS does not replace running. It removes the pain that is stopping you running consistently. That is the practical difference.